阿司匹林减停指南

AI 翻译

由AI从英语翻译为中文。

发现问题了吗?告诉作者:

针对患者个体情况调整或停用阿司匹林的建议,可能减少不良事件

创建者Dr. Cameron Draeger, PharmD
试用
收藏

由于阿司匹林的抗血小板作用,其长期使用有多种医学适应证。Draeger等人(2022)指出:“相当多的患者在不适宜的情况下服用阿司匹林,或所用剂量高于推荐剂量。”此外,阿司匹林使用不当会增加严重不良事件的风险。作者讨论了实施质量改进项目,以降低阿司匹林不当使用率(减药/停药),这可能改善处方实践,并可能显示出患者死亡率的改善。针对患者个体情况提出调整或停用阿司匹林的建议,是改善结局的关键。 

 

Draeger等人(2022)发表了一份指南摘要流程图  (第222页),引导临床医生通过一系列循证决策来确定每日使用阿司匹林是否适当。当需要判断患者是否应停用阿司匹林时,本应用复现了该指南流程图,以便快速查阅阿司匹林的最佳实践,并提供文档记录的依据。

 

如需了解指南摘要流程图是如何转换为本应用的,请参阅应用逻辑流程图中的决策逻辑。

所有问题及可能的结果

1区标题不可见
患者是否正在接受抗凝治疗?

Select one option:

  • 是
  • 否
适应证是什么?

Select all that apply:

  • 静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)
  • 心脏瓣膜置换
  • 心房颤动(房颤)或心房扑动(房扑)
  • 未列出
瓣膜类型是什么?

Select one option:

  • 生物瓣膜
  • 经导管主动脉瓣
  • 机械瓣膜
患者是否患有冠状动脉疾病(CAD)?

Select one option:

  • 是
  • 否
冠状动脉疾病(CAD)是否稳定?

Select one option:

  • 是
  • 否
2区标题不可见
既往有心血管事件或操作?

事件或操作包括:

  • 外周动脉疾病(PAD)
  • 缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)
  • 静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)
  • 冠状动脉疾病(CAD)
  • 择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)
  • 过去一年内的急性冠脉综合征(ACS)
  • 颈动脉疾病(颈动脉夹层或缺血性动脉疾病)

Select one option:

  • 是
  • 否
患者是否患有糖尿病?

Select one option:

  • 是
  • 否
患者的年龄是多少?

Select one option:

  • <40岁
  • 40-69岁
  • ≥70岁
患者是否存在出血高风险?
  • 目前尚无经美国外部验证的、用于评估低剂量阿司匹林一级预防心血管疾病(CVD)相关出血风险的风险预测工具。*
  • 多变量分析中始终与出血风险独立相关的危险因素包括*
    • 高龄(>59)
    • 男性(男性发生严重消化道出血的风险是女性的2倍)
    • 糖尿病
    • 肝病
    • 酒精相关疾病
    • 消化性溃疡病,以及消化道疾病史,例如既往因消化道问题住院。
  • 其他与出血风险增加相关的危险因素(非详尽列举):
    • 血小板减少症^
    • 凝血功能障碍^
    • 慢性肾脏病(CKD)^
    • 同时使用其他增加出血风险的药物,如非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)、类固醇^

 

参考文献

^ 2019年ACC/AHA心血管疾病一级预防指南

* 2022年 阿司匹林用于预防心血管疾病和结直肠癌(USPSTF)

Select one option:

  • 是
  • 否
动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)高风险?

如需评估ASCVD风险,请访问美国心脏病学会(ACC)的在线ASCVD风险计算器

Select one option:

  • 是
  • 否
既往的事件或操作是什么?
外周动脉疾病(PAD)?

Select one option:

  • 否
  • 是
外周动脉疾病(PAD)是否有症状?

PAD的常见症状包括:

  • 腿部/小腿/大腿/臀部肌肉酸痛、沉重感、疼痛或痉挛,尤其在行走或其他活动时
  • 腿部或足部感觉丧失或麻刺感
  • 腿痛影响睡眠,或静息痛
  • 脚趾、足部或腿部出现愈合缓慢或不愈合的溃疡、伤口或疮
  • 脚趾或足部苍白、变色、发暗、发黑或发青
  • 足部触之发凉,或一只脚比另一只脚更凉

Select one option:

  • 是
  • 否
缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA),未使用抗凝药物?

Select one option:

  • 否
  • 是
静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)?

Select one option:

  • 否
  • 是
冠状动脉疾病(CAD)?

Select one option:

  • 否
  • 是
择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)?

Select one option:

  • 否
  • 是
过去一年内发生急性冠脉综合征(ACS)?

Select one option:

  • 否
  • 是
颈动脉疾病(CAD)?

Select one option:

  • 否
  • 是
请选择一项

Select one option:

  • 颈动脉夹层
  • 缺血性颈动脉疾病
可能的结果
生物瓣心脏瓣膜:权衡阿司匹林的风险与获益
<40岁且无已知危险因素:不推荐使用阿司匹林
颈动脉夹层:推荐使用阿司匹林至少3-6个月
房颤/房扑且无冠状动脉疾病(CAD):不推荐使用阿司匹林
机械瓣心脏瓣膜:推荐使用阿司匹林
非糖尿病患者,未接受抗凝治疗,既往无心血管事件/操作,出血风险不高,但属于动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)高风险(年龄40-69岁):权衡阿司匹林的风险与获益
静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE):推荐在停止抗凝治疗之后使用阿司匹林
急性冠脉综合征(过去一年内)且未接受抗凝治疗:推荐将阿司匹林作为双联抗血小板治疗(DAPT)的一部分使用
缺血性卒中/TIA且未接受抗凝治疗:推荐使用阿司匹林
无症状PAD:权衡阿司匹林的风险与获益
根据您的选择,没有阿司匹林相关推荐
糖尿病患者,未接受抗凝治疗:权衡阿司匹林的风险与获益
非糖尿病患者,未接受抗凝治疗且既往无心血管事件/操作(年龄≥70岁):不推荐使用阿司匹林
有症状PAD:推荐使用阿司匹林
房颤/房扑合并稳定型CAD:不推荐使用阿司匹林
缺血性颈动脉疾病:推荐使用阿司匹林

阿司匹林推荐剂量为每日75-325mg

 

指南:2011年AHA/ASA颅外颈动脉和椎动脉疾病患者管理指南。

房颤/房扑合并不稳定型CAD:推荐使用阿司匹林
择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,未接受抗凝治疗:推荐将阿司匹林作为DAPT的一部分,或在DAPT结束后作为单药治疗
非糖尿病患者,未接受抗凝治疗且既往无心血管事件/操作,无出血高风险或ASCVD高风险(年龄40-69岁):不推荐使用阿司匹林。
CAD,未接受抗凝治疗:推荐使用阿司匹林
对于未抗凝、无既往心血管事件/操作且出血风险高的非糖尿病患者(年龄40-69岁):不推荐使用阿司匹林。
对于未抗凝的VTE患者:停止抗凝之后推荐使用阿司匹林
对于经导管主动脉瓣:推荐使用阿司匹林

引用

Draeger C, Lodhi F, Geissinger N, Larson T, Griesbach S. 通过处方者教育和提供针对患者的个体化建议实现阿司匹林的多学科减停。WMJ. 2022 Oct;121(3):220-225. PMID: 36301649. 图示见第222页。

文献

  • Interdisciplinary Deprescribing of Aspirin Through Prescriber Education and Provision of Patient-Specific Recommendations. WMJ. 2022 Oct;121(3):220-225.

    Draeger C, Lodhi F, Geissinger N, Larson T, Griesbach S.

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36301649/
  • Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Use in Nursing Home Residents With Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA Intern Med. 2024 Oct 1;184(10):1256-1258. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.3819.

    Ko D, Lee Y, Kim DH, Shah SJ, Hayes KN, Zullo AR, Berry SD.

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39133502/
  • Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest. 2016 Feb;149(2):315-352.

    Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, Huisman M, King CS, Morris TA, Sood N, Stevens SM, Vintch JRE, Wells P, Woller SC, Moores L.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012369215003359
  • 2017 AHA/ACC Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2017 Jun 20;135(25):e1159-e1195.

    Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP 3rd, Fleisher LA, Jneid H, Mack MJ, McLeod CJ, O'Gara PT, Rigolin VH, Sundt TM 3rd, Thompson A.

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28298458/
  • Antithrombotic Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest. 2018 Nov;154(5):1121-1201.

    Lip GYH, Banerjee A, Boriani G, Chiang CE, Fargo R, Freedman B, Lane DA, Ruff CT, Turakhia M, Werring D, Patel S, Moores L.

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30144419/
  • 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019. Diabetes Care. 2019 Jan;42(Suppl 1):S103-S123.

    American Diabetes Association.

    https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/42/Supplement_1/S103/30856/10-Cardiovascular-Disease-and-Risk-Management
  • 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines.

    Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, Buroker AB, Goldberger ZD, Hahn EJ, Himmelfarb CD, Khera A, Lloyd-Jones D, McEvoy JW, Michos ED, Miedema MD, Muñoz D, Smith SC Jr, Virani SS, Williams KA Sr, Yeboah J, Ziaeian B.

    https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000678?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org
  • 2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2017 Mar 21;135(12):e686-e725.

    Gerhard-Herman MD, Gornik HL, Barrett C, Barshes NR, Corriere MA, Drachman DE, Fleisher LA, Fowkes FG, Hamburg NM, Kinlay S, Lookstein R, Misra S, Mureebe L, Olin JW, Patel RA, Regensteiner JG, Schanzer A, Shishehbor MH, Stewart KJ, Treat-Jacobson D, Walsh ME.

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27840332/
  • Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2014 Jul;45(7):2160-236. doi: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000024. Epub 2014 May 1. Erratum in: Stroke. 2015 Feb;46(2):e54.

    Kernan WN, Ovbiagele B, Black HR, Bravata DM, Chimowitz MI, Ezekowitz MD, Fang MC, Fisher M, Furie KL, Heck DV, Johnston SC, Kasner SE, Kittner SJ, Mitchell PH, Rich MW, Richardson D, Schwamm LH, Wilson JA; American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing, Council on Clinical Cardiology, and Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease.

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24788967/
  • Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012 Feb;141(2 Suppl):e601S-e636S.

    Lansberg MG, O'Donnell MJ, Khatri P, Lang ES, Nguyen-Huynh MN, Schwartz NE, Sonnenberg FA, Schulman S, Vandvik PO, Spencer FA, Alonso-Coello P, Guyatt GH, Akl EA.

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22315273/
  • Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2022 Apr 26;327(16):1585-1597.

    Guirguis-Blake JM, Evans CV, Perdue LA, Bean SI, Senger CA.

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35471507/
  • 2016 ACC/AHA Guideline Focused Update on Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Sep 6;68(10):1082-115.

    Levine GN, Bates ER, Bittl JA, Brindis RG, Fihn SD, Fleisher LA, Granger CB, Lange RA, Mack MJ, Mauri L, Mehran R, Mukherjee D, Newby LK, O'Gara PT, Sabatine MS, Smith PK, Smith SC Jr.

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27036918/
  • Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines: CHEST 2012; 141(2)(Suppl):e637S–e668S

    Per Olav Vandvik , MD , PhD ; A. Michael Lincoff , MD ; Joel M. Gore , MD ; David D. Gutterman , MD , FCCP ; Frank A. Sonnenberg , MD ; Pablo Alonso-Coello , MD, PhD ; Elie A. Akl , MD , MPH, PhD ; Maarten G. Lansberg , MD, PhD ; Gordon H. Guyatt , MD , FCCP ; and Frederick A. Spencer , MD

    https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(12)60134-2/pdf
  • 2011 ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANN/AANS/ACR/ASNR/CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS guideline on the management of patients with extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease: executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American Stroke Association, American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Society of Neuroradiology, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Society for Vascular Medicine, and Society for Vascular Surgery. Circulation. 2011 Jul 26;124(4):489-532. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e31820d8d78. Epub 2011 Jan 31. Erratum in: Circulation. 2011 Jul 26;124(4):e145. Dosage error in article text.

    Brott TG, Halperin JL, Abbara S, Bacharach JM, Barr JD, Bush RL, Cates CU, Creager MA, Fowler SB, Friday G, Hertzberg VS, McIff EB, Moore WS, Panagos PD, Riles TS, Rosenwasser RH, Taylor AJ; American College of Cardiology Foundation; American Stroke Association; American Association of Neurological Surgeons; American College of Radiology; American Society of Neuroradiology; Congress of Neurological Surgeons; Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention; Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions; Society of Interventional Radiology; Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery; Society for Vascular Medicine; Society for Vascular Surgery.

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21282505/