تجربة

تجربةنظرة عامةالأدلةالمساهمون

التعليمات

Circle only the highest intensity score for each behavior group that you observed during this rating period.
Use the anchor points as a guide to choose a suitable level of severity.
Not all anchor points need be present.
Choose the more severe level when in doubt.

Observation Period

Start Date & Time

According to Rosen et al (1994), "There are many rating instruments designed to assess symptoms of agitation in patients with dementia. Most scales require that raters assess multiple specific behaviors over several days, limiting the use of such scales to clinical staff who have direct contact with patients but do not have the time to complete a comprehensive assessment following each period of observation. Also, scales that assess behavior over several days must rely on "secondhand" information describing behaviors not directly observed by the rater. The Pittsburgh Agitation Scale (PAS) is an easy-to-use instrument, based on direct observations of the patient, that was developed to monitor the severity of agitation associated with dementia. Interrater reliability and measures of validity have been established with clinical staff on a busy psychogeriatric inpatient unit and with research personnel in a nursing home setting."

Scoring

The Pittsburgh Agitation Scale (PAS) is scored based on the intensity of observed behaviors across four behavior groups. Each of the four groups is rated on a scale from 0 to 4, based on the intensity and disruptiveness of the behaviors observed during the rating period:

Aberrant Vocalization
Motor Agitation
Aggressiveness
Resisting Care

The rating for each group is the highest intensity score observed during that period, using anchor points to determine the level of severity (0 being "Not present" and 4 being the most severe).

Note: According to some sources, the scores for these four items are not totaled into a single overall score, although other contexts suggest a total score is used for tracking improvement. The primary focus is on the individual item scores and the overall pattern. The maximum possible score if they were totaled would be 4 x 4 = 16.

جميع الأسئلة والنتائج المحتملة

Observation Period

Start Date & Time

A date and time.

End Date & Time

A date and time.

Hours of sleep this rating period

A number between 0 and 10000, in hours.

Aberrant Vocalizationالعنوان غير مرئي

Aberrant Vocalization

Examples: repetitive requests or complaints, nonverbal vocalizations, e.g., moaning, screaming

Select one option:

Not present
Low volume, not disruptive in milieu, including crying
Louder than conversational, mildly disruptive, redirectable
Loud, disruptive, difficult to redirect
Extremely loud screaming or yelling, highly disruptive, unable to redirect

Motor Agitationالعنوان غير مرئي

Motor Agitation

Examples: pacing, wandering, moving in chair, picking at objects, disrobing, banging on chair, taking others’ possessions.
Rate “intrusiveness” by normal social standards, not by effect on other patients in milieu.
If “intrusive” or “disruptive” due to noise, rate under “Vocalization.”

Select one option:

Not present
Pacing or moving about in chair at normal rate (appears to be seeking comfort, looking for spouse, purposeless movements)
Increased rate of movements, mildly intrusive, easily redirectable
Rapid movements, moderately intrusive or disruptive, difficult to redirect
Intense movements extremely intrusive or disruptive, not redirectable verbally

Aggressivenessالعنوان غير مرئي

Aggressiveness

Score ‘0’ if aggressive only when resisting care

Select one option:

Not present
Verbal threats
Threatening gestures; no attempt to strike
Physical toward property
Physical toward self or others

Resisting Careالعنوان غير مرئي

Resisting Care

Select one option:

Not present
Procrastination or avoidance
Verbal gesture of refusal
Pushing away to avoid task
Striking out at a caregiver

When is care resisted?

Select all that apply.

Select all that apply:

Washing
Dressing
Eating
Meds
Other care

Specify "Other care" resisted

A free-text response.

Interventionsالعنوان غير مرئي

Were any of the following used during this rating period because of behavior problems?

Select interventions used.

Select all that apply:

Seclusion
PRN Meds
Restraint
Other interventions
None

Specify "PRN Meds"

A free-text response.

Specify "Other interventions"

A free-text response.

النتائج المحتملة

Resisting Care Score

Aberrant Vocalization Score

Motor Agitation Score

Aggressiveness Score

Total PAS Score

According to some sources, the scores for these four items are not totaled into a single overall score.
Although other contexts suggest a total score is used for tracking improvement.
The primary focus is on the individual item scores and the overall pattern.

الاستشهاد المرجعي

Rosen J, Burgio L, Kollar M, Cain M, Allison M, Fogleman M, Michael M, Zubenko GS. A user-friendly instrument for rating agitation in dementia patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1994 Winter;2(1):52-9. PMID: 21629007.

الأدبيات العلمية

A user-friendly instrument for rating agitation in dementia patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1994 Winter;2(1):52-9. PMID: 21629007.
Rosen J, Burgio L, Kollar M, Cain M, Allison M, Fogleman M, Michael M, Zubenko GS
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21629007/

Observation Period

جميع الأسئلة والنتائج المحتملة

الاستشهاد المرجعي

الأدبيات العلمية

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